Printing Postcards – History and Process

The process of printing postcards has evolved significantly since the 19th century, reflecting advancements in printing technology and changing aesthetic preferences over time. Here is a detailed exploration of the key techniques and periods in the history of postcard printing:

Early Techniques and the Pioneer Era

Initially, postcards were simple designs printed on cardstock. These early postcards were primarily used for advertisement or provided brief descriptions of locations. The most significant early printing method was lithography, which became the standard due to its ability to produce vivid colors and detailed images. Lithography involves creating an image on a flat surface treated to repel ink except where the design is desired. This method was particularly popular for creating intricate and colorful images seen on early souvenir and greeting cards. Learn more on this website.

The Golden Age and Photographic Postcards

The period from 1907 to 1915, often referred to as the “Golden Age” of postcards, saw a dramatic increase in their popularity. This era began with the introduction of divided back postcards, allowing one side for the address and the other side for a message, which made postcards a popular method of communication.

During this time, collotype printing was a favored method for creating photographic quality postcards. This process involved transferring a photographic image onto a gelatin-coated plate. Collotype is known for its ability to capture intricate details, making it ideal for reproducing photographs on postcards. Another significant method was photo-lithography, a variant of lithography that allowed for finer detail and shading, which was crucial for reproducing photographs.

Rotogravure and Mass Production

By the early 20th century, the rotogravure process began to gain popularity. This method involved etching an image onto a cylinder, which was then used to print on continuous rolls of paper. Rotogravure was highly valued for its high-speed production and ability to produce fine, detailed images, making it suitable for high-volume postcard production. This was especially important as postcards became a mass-market item.

Modern Advances: Linen and Photochrome Eras

From 1930 to 1945, the “Linen Era” introduced postcards printed on high rag content paper, which gave them a distinctive textured appearance similar to linen fabric. This era is noted for the bright, vivid ink colors used, which often gave the images an almost garish quality.

Following World War II, the “Photochrome Era” began and continues to the present day. This era is defined by the use of true photographic images on postcards, produced through a process similar to full-color photography printing. Photochrome postcards are known for their brilliant, lifelike colors and are the standard type of postcard found in tourist shops today​.

Conclusion

The history of postcard printing is a reflection of technological and artistic developments over more than a century. From the early days of lithography to the detailed photographic images of the photochrome process, each advancement in printing technology has allowed postcards to become a more effective and appealing means of communication and a popular collectible item. Each of these printing methods has its own characteristics, advantages, and specific uses, making the study of postcard printing a fascinating subject within both the history of photography and printing technology.